Intracellular Pathogens Research Lab (2023)

Table of Contents
Support our Research We Are Grateful to Our Current Sponsors Research Team Principal Investigators Research Staff Graduate Students Research Selected Examples of Our Research Publications Videos

Lab Contact: ncstateiprl@ncsu.edu

Support our Research

Intracellular Pathogens Research Lab (1)

We Are Grateful to Our Current Sponsors

  • Bayer Animal Health
  • IDEXX Laboratories

Research Team

Principal Investigators

EB

Ed Breitschwerdt

Professor of Medicine and Infectious Diseases

919-513-8277

ed_breitschwerdt@ncsu.edu

(Video) Characterization of the Intracellular Pathogen Response in C. elegans by Dr. Emily Troemel

Research Staff

GW

Gregory Wilkerson

Assoc Research Professor

gwilker@ncsu.edu

(Video) Single Cell Vacuolar Rupture caused by Intracellular Pathogens | Protocol Preview
CR

Cynthia Robveille DVM

Asst Research Professor

cmrobvei@ncsu.edu

CL

Chance Liedig

(Video) THP-1 Macrophages Intracellular Behaviour Study | Protocol Preview

Research Specialist-Nonexempt

celiedig@ncsu.edu

Graduate Students

CM

Charlotte Manvell

Graduate Student

comanvel@ncsu.edu

JB

Janice Bush

Graduate Student

jcbush@ncsu.edu

(Video) Amoebal Coculture and Enrichment Approaches for Pathogens Discovery | Protocol Preview

Research

Selected Examples of Our Research

  • In response to a referring veterinarian’s call in the mid 1980’s seeking consultationrelative to sick and dying Huskies in a newly built kennel in North Carolina, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever was diagnosed by skin biopsy and first identified as a diseaseof dogs.
    Published article: Canine Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a kennel epizootic. Breitschwerdt EB, Meuten DJ, Walker DH, Levy M, Kennedy K, King M,Curtis B. Am J Vet Res. 1985;46:2124-8
  • In the summer of 1997, the Labundertook an unfunded investigation of a kennel ofsick and dying Walker Hounds routinely used for deer hunting in rural North Carolina. A high degree of co-infection was documented by serology and molecular assays. By PCR, of the 27 dogs, 15 were infected with Ehrlichia canis, 9 with E.chaffeensis, 8 with E.ewingii, 3 with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 9 with A.platys, 20 with a Rickettsia species, 16 with a Bartonella species, and 7 with Babesia canis. Both E. canis and an uncharacterized Rickettsia species appeared to result in chronic or recurrent infection. As an outcome of this study, lessons were learned about the detection of co-infecting species with an appreciation for high risk populations exposed to numerous ticks.
    Published article:Kordick SK, Breitschwerdt EB, Hegarty BC, Southwick KL, Colitz CM, Hancock SI, Bradley JM, Rumbough R, Mcpherson JT, MacCormack JN. Coinfection with multiple tick-borne pathogens in a Walker Hound kennel in North Carolina. J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Aug;37(8):2631-8
  • Research on dogs from kennels of American pit bull terriers and of racing and retired Greyhounds, established an association between dog breed and Babesia spp. Babesia gibsoni-infected dogs were more likely to be American pit bull terriers and B. canis vogeli infected dogs were more likely to be greyhounds. These studies described the initial detection of a B. gibsoni epidemic amongst the pit bull terrier population.
    Publishedarticles:(1) Birkenheuer AJ, Levy MG, Stebbins M, Poore M, Breitschwerdt E. Serosurvey of antiBabesia antibodies in stray dogs and American pit bull terriers and American staffordshire terriers from North Carolina. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2003 Nov-Dec;39(6):551-7. (2) Birkenheuer AJ, Correa MT, Levy MG, Breitschwerdt EB. Geographic distribution of babesiosis among dogs in the United States and association with dog bites: 150 cases (2000-2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005 Sep 15;227(6):942-7
  • Initial description of the demographic and clinical characteristics of feline cytauxzoonosis was obtained through a retrospective study of 34 C.felis infected cats. Pancytopenia and icterus were the most common clinicopathologic abnormalities. Thirty- two cats either died or were euthanatized, and 2 cats survived. Data indicated that veterinarians in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA should consider C felis infection in cats with fever, icterus, and pancytopenia or bicytopenia.
    Published article: Birkenheuer AJ, LeJA, Valenzisi AM, Tucker MD, Levy MG, Breitschwerdt EB. Cytauxzoon felis infection in cats in the mid-Atlantic states: 34 cases (1998-2004). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006 Feb 15;228(4):568-71
  • The initial recognition of Leishmaniasis in the USA came after a veterinarian north ofNYC called concerning fatalities amongst some 120 hounds in a breeding and foxhunting kennel. Upon the suspicion of tick borne disease, serological and molecular testing was requested. Extensive workups, mostly unfunded, on all 120 hounds, including cytology and full necropsies on several at NCSU CVM Teaching Hospital finally resulted in a diagnosis of L.infantum. Further epidemiological workups on the part of the CDC defined the outbreak in this kennel and in other foxhound kennels that trained in southern states as an epidemic of Leishmaniasis unrecognized previously in North America. The VBDDL developed specific IFA and PCR assays to address the diagnosis of Leishmaniasis in the future and aided in the screening of all foxhound kennels in the US.
    Published article: Gaskin AA, Schantz P, Jackson J, Birkenheuer A, Tomlinson L, Gramiccia M, Levy M, Steurer F, Kollmar E, Hegarty BC, Ahn A, Breitschwerdt EB. Visceral leishmaniasis in a New York foxhound kennel. J Vet Intern Med. 2002 Jan-Feb;16(1):34-44.

Publications

Bartonella Research Publications: Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory
  1. Breitschwerdt EB, DL Kordick, DE Malarkey, et al: Endocarditis in a dog due to infection with a novelBartonellaJ Clin Microbiol 33: 154–160, 1995.
  2. Kordick DL, KH Wilson, DJ Sexton, TL Hadfield, HA Berkhoff, DJ Sexton, EB Breitschwerdt: ProlongedBartonellabacteremia in cats associated with cat scratch disease patients. J Clin Microbiol 33: 3245–3251, 1995.
  3. Kordick DL, EB Breitschwerdt: Intraerythrocytic presence ofBartonella henselae. J Clin Microbiol 33: 1655–1656, 1995.
  4. Kordick DL, B Swaminathan, CT Greene, KH Wilson, S O’Connor, DG Hollis, GM Matar, GB Malcolm, PS Hayes, TL Hadfield, EB Breitschwerdt, DJ Brenner:Bartonella vinsoniiberkhoffiisubsp. nov., isolated from dogs;Bartonella vinsoniisubsp.vinsonii; and emended description ofBartonella vinsonii. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46: 704–709, 1996.
  5. Baneth G, DL Kordick, BC Hegarty, EB Breitschwerdt: Comparative seroreactivity toBartonella henselaeandBartonella quintanaamong cats from Israel and North Carolina. Vet Microbiol 50: 95–103, 1996.
  6. Pappalardo BL, MT Correa, CC York, CY Peat, EB Breitschwerdt: Epidemiologic evaluation of the risk factors associated with exposure and seroreactivity toBartonella vinsoniiin dogs. Am J Vet Res 58: 467–471, 1997.
  7. Kordick DL, EJ Hilyard, TL Hadfield, KH Wilson, AG Steigerwalt, DJ Brenner, EB Breitschwerdt:Bartonella clarridgeiae, a newly recognized zoonotic pathogen causing inoculation papules, fever, and lymphadenopathy (Cat Scratch Disease). J Clin Microbiol 35: 1813–1818, 1997.
  8. Kordick DL, MG Papich, EB Breitschwerdt: Efficacy of enrofloxacin or doxycycline for treatment ofBartonella henselaeorBartonella clarridgeiaeinfection in cats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41:2448–2455, 1997.
  9. Kordick DL, EB Breitschwerdt: Persistent infection of pets within a household with threeBartonellaEmerg Infect Dis 4: 325–328, 1998.
  10. Breitschwerdt EB, BC Hegarty, SI Hancock: Sequential evaluation of dogs naturally-infected withEhrlichia canis, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia ewingiiorBartonella vinsonii.J Clin Microbiol 36: 2645–2651, 1998.
  11. Kordick DL, TT Brown, KO Shin, EB Breitschwerdt: Clinical and pathological evaluation of chronicBartonella henselaeorBartonella clarridgeiaeinfection in cats. J Clin Microbiol 37: 1536–1547, 1999.
  12. Breitschwerdt EB,CE Atkins, TT Brown, DL Kordick, PS Snyder:Bartonella vinsoniiberkhoffiiand related members of the alpha subdivision of theProteobacteriain dogs with cardiac arrhythmias, endocarditis, or myocarditis. J Clin Microbiol 37: 3618–3626, 1999.
  13. Kitchell BE, TM Fan, D Kordick, EB Breitschwerdt, G Wollenberg, CA Lichtensteiger: Peliosis hepatis in a dog infected withBartonella henselae. J Am Vet Med Assoc 216: 519–523, 2000.
  14. Pappalardo BL, T Brown, JL Gookin, CL Morrill, EB Breitschwerdt: Granulomatous disease associated withBartonellainfection in 2 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 14: 37–42, 2000.
  15. Rotstein DS, SK Taylor, J Bradley, EB Breitschwerdt: Prevalence ofBartonella henselaeantibody in Florida panthers. J Wildl Dis 36:157–160, 2000.
  16. Jensen WA, MZ Fall, J Rooney, DL Kordick, EB Breitschwerdt: Rapid identification and differentiation ofBartonellaspecies using a single-step PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 38:1717-1722, 2000.
  17. Chang C-C, RW Kasten, BB Chomel, DC Simpson, CM Hew, DL Kordick, R Heller, Y Piemont, EB Breitschwerdt: Coyotes (Canis latrans) as the reservoir for a human pathogenicBartonella: molecular epidemiology ofBartonella vinsoniisubsp.berkhoffiiinfection in coyotes from central coastal California. J Clin Microbiol 38:4193-4200, 2000.
  18. Pappalardo BL, T Brown, D Gebhardt, S Sontakke, EB Breitschwerdt: Cyclic CD8+ lymphopenia in dogs experimentally infected withBartonella vinsoniiberkhoffii. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 75:43-57, 2000.
  19. Lappin MR, DL Kordick, EB Breitschwerdt:Bartonellaspp antibodies and DNA in aqueous humour of cats. J Feline Med Surg 2:61-68, 2000.
  20. Muñana KR, SM Vitek, BC Hegarty, DL Kordick, EB Breitschwerdt: Infection of fetal feline brain cells in culture withBartonella henselae. Infect Immun 69:564-569, 2001.
  21. Breitschwerdt EB, S Sontakke, A Cannedy, JM Bradley: Infection withBartonella weissiiand detection ofNanobacteriumantigens in a North Carolina beef herd. J Clin Microbiol 39:879-882, 2001.
  22. Pappalardo BL, TT Brown, M Tompkins, EB Breitschwerdt: Immunopathology ofBartonella vinsonii(berkhoffii) in experimentally infected dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 83:125-147, 2001.
  23. Mexas AM, SI Hancock, EB Breitschwerdt:Bartonella henselaeandBartonella elizabethaeas potential canine pathogens. J Clin Microbiol 40:4670-4674, 2002.
  24. Pitulle C, C Strehse, JW Brown, EB Breitschwerdt: Investigation of the phylogenetic relationships within the genusBartonellabased on comparative sequence analysis of the rnpB gene, 16S rDNA, and 23S rDNA. Intern J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:2075-2080; 2002.
  25. Gillespie TN, RJ Washabau, MH Goldschmidt, JM Cullen, AR Rogala, EB Breitschwerdt: Detection ofBartonella henselaeandBartonella clarridgeiaeDNA in hepatic specimens from two dogs with hepatic disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc 222:47-51; 2003.
  26. Breitschwerdt EB, J Suksawat, B Chomel, BC Hegarty: The immunologic response of dogs toBartonella vinsoniisubspeciesberkhoffiiantigens: as assessed by Western immunoblot analysis. J Vet Diagn Invest 15:349-354; 2003.
  27. Michau TM, EB Breitschwerdt, BC Gilger, MG Davidson:Bartonella vinsoniisubspeciesberkhoffiias a possible cause of anterior uveitis and choroiditis in a dog. Vet Ophthalmol 6:299-304; 2003.
  28. Tuttle AD, AH Birkenheuer, T Juopperi, MG Levy, EB Breitschwerdt: Concurrent bartonellosis and babesiosis in a dog with persistent thrombocytopenia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 223:1306-1310; 2003.
  29. Nutter FB, JP Dubey, JF Levine, EB Breitschwerdt, RB Ford, MK Stoskopf: Seroprevalences of antibodies againstBartonella henselaeand Toxoplasma gondii and fecal shedding of Cryptospordium spp., Giardia spp., and Toxocara cati in feral and pet domestic cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 225:1394-1398; 2004.
  30. Breitschwerdt EB, KR Blann, ME Stebbins, KR Muñana, MG Davidson, HA Jackson, MD Willard: Clinicopathologic abnormalities and treatment response in 24 dogs seroreactive toBartonella vinsonii (berkhoffii) antigens. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 40:92-101; 2004.
  31. Solango-Gallego L, J Bradley, B Hegarty, B Sigmon, E Breitschwerdt:Bartonella henselaeIgG antibodies are prevalent in dogs from southeastern USA. Vet Res 35:585-595; 2004.
  32. Smith BE, MB Tompkins, EB Breitschwerdt: Antinuclear antibodies can be detected in dog sera reactive toBartonella vinsoniiberkhoffii,Ehrlichia canis, orLeishmania infantumantigens. J Vet Intern Med 18:47-51; 2004.
  33. Maggi RG, EB Breitschwerdt: Isolation of bacteriophages fromBartonella vinsoniiberkhoffiiand the characterization of Pap31 gene sequences from bacterial and phage DNA. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 9(1):44-51; 2005.
  34. Dillon B, J Iredell, EB Breitschwerdt, RG Maggi: Potential limitations of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic region for molecular detection of Bartonella species. J Clin Microbiol 43(9):4921-4922; 2005.
  35. Maggi RG, AW Duncan, EB Breitschwerdt: Novel chemically modified liquid medium that will support the growth of sevenBartonellaJ Clin Microbiol 43(6):2651-2655; 2005.
  36. Breitschwerdt EB, BC Hegarty, R Maggi, E Hawkins, P Dyer:Bartonellaspecies as a potential cause of epistaxis in dogs. J Clin Microbiol 43(5):2529-2533; 2005.
  37. Maggi RG, EB Breitschwerdt: Potential limitations of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic region for molecular detection ofBartonella J Clin Microbiol 43(3):1171-1176; 2005.
  38. Roura X, E Breitschwerdt, A Lloret, L Ferrer, B Hegarty: Serological evidence of exposure toRickettsia, Bartonella,andEhrlichiaspecies in healthy orLeishmania infantum-infected dogs from Barcelona. Intern J Appl Vet Res 3:129-137; 2005.
  39. Goodman RA, EB Breitschwerdt: Clinicopathological findings in dogs seroreactive toBartonella henselaeAm J Vet Res 66:2060-2064; 2005.
  40. Maggi RG, CA Harms, AA Hoh, DA Pabst, WA McClellan, WJ Walton, DS Rotstein, EB Breitschwerdt:Bartonella henselaein porpoise blood. Emerg Infect Dis 11:1894-1898; 2005.
  41. O’Rourke LG, C Pitulle, BC Hegarty, S Kraycirik, JW Brown, EB Breitschwerdt:Bartonella quintanain cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Emerg Infect Dis 11:1931-1934; 2005.
  42. Breitschwerdt E.B., Levine J.F., Radulovic S., Hanby S.B., Kordick D.L., LaPerle K.M.D.Bartonella henselaeandRickettsiaseroreactivity in a sick cat population from North Carolina. Internat J Appl Vet Res. 3:287-302, 2005.
  43. Maggi R.G., Chomel B. Hegarty B.C., Henn J. Breitschwerdt E. B. ABartonella vinsonii berkhoffiityping scheme based upon 16S-23S ITS and Pap31 sequences from dog, coyote, gray fox, and human isolates. Mol Cell Probes 20:128-134, 2006.
  44. Mellor P, Fetz K, Maggi R, Haugland S, Dunning M, Villiers E, Mellanby R, Williams D, Breitschwerdt E, Herrtage M.Alpha 1 protease inhibitor deficiency andBartonellainfection in association with panniculitis, polyarthritis and meningitis in a dog. . J Vet Intern Med 20:1023-1028; 2006.
  45. Kelly P., Rolain J-M., Maggi R., Sontakke S., Keene B., Hunter S., Lepidi H., Breitschwerdt K.T., Breitschwerdt E. B., Raoult D.Bartonella quintanaendocarditis in two dogs. Emerg Infect Dis 12:1869:1872; 2006.
  46. Solano-Gallego L, J Llull, M Osso, B Hegarty, E Breitschwerdt: A serological study of exposure to arthropod-borne pathogens in dogs form northeastern Spain. Vet Res 37:231-244; 2006.
  47. Breitschwerdt EB, RG Maggi, B Sigmon, WL Nicholson: Isolation ofBartonella quintanafrom a woman and a cat following putative bite transmission. J Clin Microbiol 45:270-272; 2007.
  48. Duncan AW, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB. A combined approach for the enhanced detection and isolation ofBartonellaspecies in dog blood samples: Pre-enrichment culture followed by PCR and subculture onto agar plates. J Micrbiol Meth, 2007; 69: 273-281.
  49. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Duncan AW, Nicholson WL, Hegarty BC, Woods CW.Bartonellaspecies in blood of immunocompetent persons with animal and arthropod contact. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 938-941, 2007.
  50. PPVP Diniz, Maggi RG, Schwartz DS, Cadenas MB, Bradley JM, Hegarty BC, Breitschwerdt EB. Canine bartonellosis: Serological and molecular prevalence in Brazil and evidence of co-infection withBartonella henselaeandBartonella vinsoniiberkhoffii. Vet Res. 2007;38:697-710.
  51. Valentine KH, Harms CA, Cadenas MB, Birkenheuer AJ, Marr HS, Braun-McNeill J, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB.Molecular detection ofBartonellaDNA in the blood of Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta),Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:949-950.
  52. Duncan AW, RG Maggi, EB Breitschwerdt.BartonellaDNA detected in saliva collected from dogs. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1948-1950.
  53. Cockwill KR, Taylor SM, Philibert HM, Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG.Bartonella vinsoniiberkhoffiiendocarditis in a dog from Saskatchewan. Can Vet J. 2007 ;48:839-44.
  54. Morales, SC, Breitschwerdt EB, Washabau RJ, Matise I, Maggii RG, Duncan AW. Detection ofBartonella henselaeDNA in two dogs with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007;230:681-5.
  55. Cadenas MB, MG Maggi, PPVP, KT Breitschwerdt, S, Sontakke, EB Breitschwerdt. Identification of bacteria from clinical samples usingBartonella-alpha proteobacteria growth medium. J Microbiol Methods 71:147-155; 2007.
  56. Yabsley MJ, J McKibben, CN Macpherson, PF Cattan, NA Cherry, BC Hegarty, EB Breitschwerdt, T O’Connor, R Chandrashekar, T Paterson, ML Pear, G Ball, S Friesen, J Goedde, B Henderson, W Sylvester. Prevalence ofEhrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Babesia canis vogeli, Hepatozoon canis, Bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii,andRickettsiain dogs from Grenada.Vet Parasitol 151:279-285; 2008.
  57. Duncan AW, HS Marr, AJ Birkenheuer, RG Maggi, LE Williams, MT Correa, and EB Breitschwerdt.BartonellaDNA in the blood and lymph nodes of Golden Retrievers with lymphoma and in healthy controls. J Vet Intern Med. 22:88-98, 2008
  58. Billeter SA, Miller MK, Breitschwerdt EB, Levy MG. Detection of twoBartonella tamiae-like sequences inAmblyomma americanum(Acari:Ixodidae) using 16S-23S intergenic spacer region-specific primers. J Med Entomol 45:176-179, 2008.
  59. Jones SL, Ricardo M, Shuler J, Alward A, Breitschwerdt EB. Detection ofBartonella henselaein the blood of two adult horses. J Vet Intern Med 22: 495-498, 2008
  60. Billeter SA, Levy MG, Chomel BB, Breitschwerdt EB. Vector transmission ofBartonellaspecies with emphasis on the potential for tick transmission. Med Vet Entomol 22: 1-15, 2008.
  61. Cross J, Rossmeisl Jr. J, Maggi R, Breitschwerdt E, Duncan R. Bartonella-associated meningoradiculoneuritis and dermatitis or panniculitis in three dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2008;22:674-8.
  62. Cadenas MB, Bradley J, Maggi RG, Takara M, Hegarty BC, Breitschwerdt EB.Molecular characterization ofBartonella vinsoniiberkhoffiigenotype III. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:1858-60.
  63. Harms C, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB, Clemons-Chevis CL, Solangi M, Rotstein DS, Fair PA, Hansen LJ, Hohn AA, Lovewell GN, McLellan WA, Pabst DA, Rowles TK, Schwacke LH, Townsend FI, Wells RS.Bartonellaspecies detection in captive, stranded and free-ranging cetaceans. Vet Res 2008;39:59.
  64. Petanides TA, Koutinas AF, Mylonakis ME, Day MJ, Saridomichelakis MN, Leontides LS, Mischke R, Diniz P, Breitschwerdt EB, Kritsepi M, Garipidou VA, Koutinas CK, Lekkas S.Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Epistaxis in Natural Canine Leishmaniasis (Leishmania infantum). J Vet Intern Med. 2008;22:866-72.
  65. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Nicholson WL, Cherry NA, Woods CW.Bartonellabacteremia in patients with neurological and neuro-cognitive dysfunction. J Clin Microbiol. 2008:2856-2861.
  66. Hawkins EC, Johnson LR, Guptill L, Marr HS, Breitschwerdt EB, Schwartz DS. Failure to identifiy an association between serologic or molecular evidence ofBartonellainfection and idiopathic rhinitis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008;15:597-599.
  67. Maggi RG, Raverty SA, Lester SJ, Huff DG, Haulena M, Ford SL, Nielsen O, Robinson JH, Breitschwerdt EB. Bartonella henselaein captive and hunter harvested beluga (Delphinapterus leucas). J Wildl Dis. 2008;44:871-877.
  68. Cherry NA, Diniz PPVP, Maggi RG, Hummel JB Hardie, EM, Behrend EN, Rozanski E, Cadenas MB. Breitschwerdt EB. Isolation or molecular detection ofBartonella henselaeandBartonella vinsoniiberkhoffiiin idiopathic effusion samples obtained from dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2009;23:186-189.
  69. Maggi RG, Kosoy M, Mintzer M, Breitschwerdt EB. Isolation of CandidatusBartonella melophagifrom Human Blood. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:66-68.
  70. Lappin MR, Breitschwerdt EB, Brewer M, Hawley J, Hegarty B, Radecki S. Prevalence ofBartonellaspecies antibodies andBartonellaspecies DNA in the blood of cats with and without fever. J Feline Med Surg 2009;11:141-148.
  71. Cherry NA, Maggi RG, Cannedy AL, Breitschwerdt EB. PCR detection ofBartonellabovisandBartonella henselaein the blood of beef cattle. Vet Microbiol Microbiol 2009;135:308-312.
  72. Diniz PP, Billeter SA, Otranto D, De Caprariis D, Petanides T, Mylonakis ME, Koutinas AF, Breitschwerdt EB.Molecular documentation of Bartonella infection in dogs in Greece and Italy. J Clin Microbiol 2009;47:1565-1567.
  73. Bouchouicha R, Durand B, Monteil M, Chomel BB, Berrich M, Arvand M, Birtles RJ, Breitschwerdt EB, Koehler JE, Maggi R, Maruyama S, Kasten R, Petit E, Boulouis HJ, Haddad N.Molecular epidemiology of feline and humanBartonella henselaeEmerg Infect Dis 2009; 15:813-816.
  74. Varanat M, Maggi RG, Linder KE, Horton S, Breitschwerdt EB. Cross contamination in the molecular detection ofBartonellaspp from paraffin embedded tissues. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:940-944.
  75. Diniz, PPVDP, Wood MW, Maggi RG, Sontakke S, Stepnik M, Breitschwerdt EB, Co-isolation ofBartonella henselaeandBartonella vinsoniiberkhoffiifrom blood, joint and subcutaneous seroma fluids from two naturally infected dogs. In Vet Microbiol 2009; 138:368-372.
  76. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG.A confusing case of canine vector-borne disease: clinical signs and progression in a dog co-infected withEhrlichia canisandBartonella vinsoniiberkhoffii.Parasites Vectors 2009; 2 (Suppl 1):S3
  77. Billeter SA, Diniz PP, Battisti JM, Munderloh UG, Breitschwerdt EB, Levy MG. Infection and replication ofBartonellaspecies within a tick cell line. Exp Appl Acarol. 2009; 49:193-208.
  78. Varanat M, Travis A, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB. Isolation ofBartonella vinsoniisubspberkhoffiigenotype II from a cat with recurrent osteomyelitis. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23: 1273-1277.
  79. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Varanat M, Linder KE, Weinberg G.Isolation ofBartonella vinsoniisubspberkhoffiigenotype II from a boy with epitheloid hemangioendothelioma and a dog with hemangiopericytoma.J Clin Microbiol. 2009; 47:1957-60.
  80. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Cadenas MB, Diniz PPVP. A ground hog, a novelBartonellasequence and my father’s death. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15: 2080-2086.
  81. Dietrich F, Schmidgen T, Maggi RG, Richter D, Matuschka F-R, Vonthein R, Breitschwerdt EB, Kempf VAJ. Prevalence ofBartonella henselaeandBorrelia burgdorferiinIxodes ricinusticks in Europe. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010; 76: 1395-1398.
  82. Biswas S,Maggi RG,Papich MG, Keil D, Breitschwerdt EB. Comparative activity of pradofloxacin, enrofloxacin and azithromycin againstBartonella henselaeisolates derived from cats and a human. Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:581-582.
  83. Biswas S,Maggi RG,Papich MG, Breitschwerdt EB. Molecular mechanisms ofBartonellaresistance to azithromycin, enrofloxacin and pradofloxacin J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:581-582.
  84. Diniz PPVP, MJ Beall, K Omark, R Chandrashekar, DA Daniluk, KE Cyr, JF Koterski, RG Robbins, PG Lalo, BC Hegarty, EB Breitschwerdt:High Prevalence of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Dogs from an Indian Reservation in Northeastern Arizona. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2010; 10:117-123.
  85. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Lantos PM, Woods CW, Hegarty BC, Bradley JM.Bartonella vinsoniiberkhoffiiandBartonella henselaein a father and daughter with neurological disease. Parasites and Vectors 2010; 3: 29.
  86. Kelly P, L Moura, T Miller, J Thurk, N Perreault, A Weil, R Maggi, H Lucas, E Breitschwerdt: Feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus andBartonellain stray cats on St. Kitts, West Indies. J Feline Med & Surg 2010; 12: 447-450.
  87. Barber R, Q Li, PPVP Diniz, BF Porter, EB Breitschwerdt, MK Claiborne, AJ Birkenheuer, JM Levine, GJ Levine, K Chandler, K Greer, P Kenny, P Nghiem, W Wei, CE Greene, M Kent, SR Platt, SJ Schatzberg: Evaluation of brain tissue and/or cerebrospinal fluid with broadly reactive PCR forEhrlichia, Anaplasma, Spotted Fever GroupRickettsia,BartonellaandBorreliaspecies in canine neurological diseases (109 cases). J Vet Intern Med. 2010; 24: 372-378.
  88. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Farmer P, Mascarelli PE. Molecular evidence of perinatal transmission ofBartonella vinsoniiberkhoffiiandB. henselaeto a child. J Clin Microbiol. 2010; 48: 2289-2293.
  89. Perez C, Hummel JB, Keene BW, Maggi RG, Diniz PPVP, Breitschwerdt EB. Successful treatment ofBartonella henselaeendocarditis in a cat. J Feline Med Surg. 2010; 12: 483-486.
  90. Yager JA, SJ Best, MG Maggi, M Varant, N Znajda, EB Breitschwerdt: Bacillary angiomatosis in an immunosuppressed Vet Dermat 2010; 21: 420-428.
  91. Oliveira AM, RG Maggi, CW Woods, Breitschwerdt EB: Putative needle stick transmission ofBartonella vinsoniiberkhoffiito a veterinarian. J Vet Intern Med. 2010;24:1229-1232.
  92. Chinnadurai SK, Birkenheuer AJ , Blanton HL, Maggi RG, Belfiore N, Marr HS, Breitschwerdt EB, Stoskopf MK. Prevalence of Selected Vector-borne Organisms and Identification ofBartonellaSpecies DNA in North American River Otters (Lontra canadensis) J Wildlife Dis 2010; 46:947-950.
  93. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Mozayeni BR, Bradley JM, Hegarty BC, Mascarelli Isolation or PCR amplification ofBartonella koehleraefrom human blood. Parasites and Vectors 2010; 3:76.
  94. Sykes JE, Lindsay LL, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB. Human coinfection withBartonellahenselaeand two hemotropic mycoplasma variants resemblingMycoplasma ovis. J Clin Microbiol. 2010; 48: 3782-5.
  95. Bradbury CA, Green M, Brewer M, Breitschwerdt E, Lappin M. Survival ofBartonella henselaein the blood of cats used for transfusion. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24(3): 759-759.
  96. Palmero J, Pasterla N, Kasten RW, Mapes S, Cherry NA, Breitschwerdt E, Chomel BB. Experimental infection withBartonella henselaeandBartonella bovisin horses. J Vet Inter Med 2010; 24(3): 710-710.
  97. De Caprariis D, Dantas-Torres F, Capelli G, Mencke N, Stanneck D, Breitschwerdt EB, Otranto D. Evolution of clinical, haematological and biochemical findings in young dogs naturally infected by vector-borne pathogens. Vet Micro 2011; 149: 206-212.
  98. Beard AW, Maggi RG, Kennedy-Stoskopf S, Cherry NA, Sandfoss MR, Depreno CS, Breitschwerdt EB.Bartonellain feral pigs, southeastern United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011; 17(5): 893-895.
  99. Fenimore A, Varant M, Maggi R, Schultheiss P, Breitschwerdt E, Lappin MR.BartonellaDNA in cardiac tissue from dogs in Colorado and Wyoming. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25(3): 613-616.
  100. Perez C, Diniz PPVP, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB. Molecular and serologic diagnosis of Bartonella infection in 61 dogs from the United States. J Vet Intern Med 2011;25:805-810.
  101. Cherry NA, Liebisch G, Liebisch A, Breitschwerdt EB, Jones SL, Ulrich R, Allmers E, Wolf P, Hewicker-Trautwein M. Identification ofBartonella henselaein a horse from Germany. Vet Micro 2011; 150(3):414-415.
  102. Varanat M, Maggi RG, Linder KE, Breitschwerdt EB.Molecular prevalence ofBartonella, Babesiaand hemotropicMycoplasmain dogs with splenic disease. JVIM 2011;25:1284–1291.
  103. Mascarelli PE, JR Iredell, RG Maggi, G Weinberg, EB Breitschwerdt: Bartonella species bacteremia in two patients with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:4006-4012.
  104. Breitschwerdt EB, PE Mascarelli, LA Schweickert, RG Maggi, BC Hegarty, JM Bradley, CW Woods: Hallucinations, sensory neuropathy, and peripheral visual deficits in a young woman infected withBartonellakoehlerae. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49: 3415-3417.
  105. Cherry NA, Maggi RG, Rossmeisl JH, Hegarty BC, Breitschwerdt EB. Ecological Diversity ofBartonellaSpecies Infection among Dogs and Their Owner in Virginia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 11: 1425-32.
  106. Maggi RG, Mascarelli PE, Pultorak EL, Hegarty BC, Bradley JM, Mozayeni BR, BreitschwerdtBartonellaspp. bacteremia in high-risk immunocompetent patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011; 71: 43—37.
  107. Billeter SA, Breitschwerdt EB, Levy MG. Invasion of canine erythrocytes byBartonellavinsoniiberkhoffii.Vet Microbiol. 2012; 156:213-6.
  108. VanderHeyden TR, Yong SL, Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Parada JP and Mihalik AR, Fimmel CJ. Granulomatous hepatitis due toBartonella henselaeinfection in an immunocompetent patient. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2012; 12: 17.
  109. Billeter SA, Kasten RW, Killmaster LF, Breitschwerdt EB, Levin ML, Levy MG, Kosoy MY, Chomel BB. Experimental infection by capillary tube feeding ofRhipicephalus sanguineuswithBartonellavinsoniisubspeciesberkhoffii. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012; 35: 9-15.
  110. Varanat M, Broadhurst J, Linder K, Maggi M, Breitschwerdt E. Identification ofBartonella henselaein 2 Cats With Pyogranulomatous Myocarditis and Diaphragmatic Myositis. Vet Pathol. 49: 608-611, 2012.
  111. PalmeroJ, Pusterla N, Kasten RW, Mapes S, Cherry NA,Boulouis HJ, Breitschwerd EB, Chomel Experimental Infection of horses withBartonella henselaeandBartonellabovis. JVIM 2012: 26:377-383.
  112. Maggi RG, Mozayeni BR, Pultorak EL, Hegarty BC, Bradley JM, Correa M, Breitschwerdt EB.Bartonellabacteremia and rheumatic symptoms in patients from Lyme Disease-endemic region. Emerg Infect Dis 2012;18:783-791.
  113. Beerlage C, Varanat M, Linder K, Maggi RG, Colley J, Kempf AJK, Breitschwerdt EB.Bartonella vinsoniiberkhofffiiandBartonella henselaeas potential causes of proliferative vascular disease in animals. Med Microbiol Immunol. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2012: 319-326, 2012.
  114. Cherry NA, Jones SL, Maggi RG, Davis JL, Breitschwerdt EB.Bartonellainfection in healthy and sick horses and foals from the southeastern United States. J Vet Intern Med 26:1408-1412; 2012.
  115. Chomel BB, McMIllan-Cole AC, Kasten RW, Stuckey MJ, Sato S, Maruyama S, Diniz PPVP, Breitschwerdt EBCandidatusBartonella merieuxii, a potential new zoonoticBartonellaspecies in canids from Iraq. PLOS Neglect Trop Dis 6:e1843; 2012.
  116. Karagianni AE, Solano-Gallego L, Breitschwerdt EB, Gaschen F, Day M, Goggs R, Trotta M, Wieland B, Allenspach Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in dogs infected with various vector borne pathogens and in dogs with immune mediated haemolytic anemia. Am J Vet Res 73:1403-1409, 2012.
  117. Balakrishnan N, Jawanda JS, Miller MB, BreitschwerdtBartonella henselaeinfection in a man with hypergammaglobulinaemia, splenomegaly and polyclonal plasmacytosis. J Med Microbiol. 62:338-41, 2013.
  118. Mascarelli PE, Maggi RG, Hopkins S, Mozayeni BR, Trull CL, Bradley JM, Hegarty BC, Breitschwerdt EB.Bartonella henselaeinfection in a family experiencing neurological and neurocognitive abnormalities after woodlouse hunter spider bites.Parasites and Vectors6:98, 2013.
  119. Maggi RG, Ericson M, Mascarelli PE, Bradley JM, Breitschwerdt EB.Bartonella henselaebacteremia in a mother and son exposed to ticks in the Netherlands.Parasites and Vectors6:101, 2013.
  120. Maggi RG, Mascarelli PE, Havenga LN, NAidoo V, Breitschwerdt EB. Co-infection withAnaplasma platys, Bartonella henselaeandCandidatusMycoplasma hematoparvum in a veterinarian.Parasites and Vectors6:106, 2013.
  121. Pultorak EL, Maggi RG, Mascarelli PE, Breitschwerdt EB. Serial testing from a three-day collection period using the BAPGM platform may enhance the sensitivity ofBartonelladetection in bacteremic human patients.J Clin Microbiol57: 1673-77, 2013. PMID: 23486720.
  122. Pérez Veraa C, Diniz PPVP, Pultorak EL, Maggi RG, Edward B. Breitschwerdt An unmatched case controlled study of clinicopathologic abnormalities in dogs with Bartonella infection. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 36:481-487, 2013.
  123. Pérez Vera C, Ricardo G. Maggi RG, Woods CW,Mascarelli PE,Breitschwerdt EB. Spontaneous onset of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I in a woman infected withBartonella koehlerae.Med Microbiol Immunol In press.
  124. Yore K, DiGangi B, Brewer M, Balakrishnan N, Breitschwerdt EB, Lappin M. Flea species infesting dogs in Florida andBartonellaprevalence rates.Vet Parasitol. 199::225-9, 2014.
  125. Balakrishnan N, Cherry NA, Linder KE, Pierce E, Sontakke N, Hegarty BC, Bradley JM, Maggi RG Breitschwerdt 2013. Experimental infection of dogs withBartonella henselaeandBartonella vinsoniisubsp.berkhoffii.Vet Imm Immunopath 156: 153-158, 2013.
  126. Drut A, Bublot I, Breitschwerdt EB, et al. Comparative microbiological features ofBartonella henselaeinfection in a dog with fever of unknown origin and granulomatous lymphadenitis.Med Microbiol Immunol2014; 203: 85-91.
  127. Balakrishnan N, Pritchard J, Ericson M, Grindem C, Phillips K, Jennings S, Matthews K, Tran H, Birkenheuer AJ, and Breitschwerdt EB. Prostatitis, steatitis and eosinophilic enteritis in a dog following presumptive flea transmission ofBartonella henselae.J Clin Microbiol 2014;52:3447-3452.
  128. Pultorak EL, Linder K, Maggi RG, Balakrishnan N, Breitschwerdt EB. Prevalence ofBartonellaspp. in Canine Cutaneous Histiocytoma.J Comp Pathol. 2015;153:14-21.
  129. Hegarty BC, Bradley JM, Lappin MR, Balakrishnan N, Mascarelli PE, Breitschwerdt EB. Analysis of Seroreactivity against Cell Culture-derivedBartonellaAntigens in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 28: 38-41, 2014.
  130. Bradley JM, Mascarelli PE, Trull CL, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB.Bartonellahenselaeinfections in an owner and two Papillon dogs exposed to tropical rat mites (Ornithonyssus bacoti). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2014;14:703-9.
  131. Lantos PM, Maggi RG, Ferguson B, VarkeyJ, Park LP, Breitschwerdt EB, Woods CW. Detection ofBartonellaspecies in the blood of veterinarians and veterinary technicians: A newly recognized occupational hazard. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis Dis 14:563-570, 2015.
  132. Pitassi LH, de Paiva Diniz PP, Scorpio DG, Drummond MR, Lania BG, Barjas-Castro ML, Gilioli R, Colombo S, Sowy S, Breitschwerdt EB, Nicholson WL, Velho PE.Bartonellabacteremia in blood donors from Campinas, Brazil.
  133. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(1).
  134. Vieira-Damiani G,DinizPP, Pitassi LH, Sowy S, Scorpio DG, Lania BG, Drummond MR, Soares TC, Barjas-Castro Mde L, Breitschwerdt EB, Nicholson WL, Velho PE.Bartonellaclarridgeiaebacteremia detected in an asymptomatic blood donor. J Clin Microbiol.53:352-6, 2015.
  135. Pultorak EL, Linder KE, Maggi RG, Balakrishnan N, Breitschwerdt EB. Prevalence ofBartonellain Canine Cutaneous Histiocytoma. J Comp Pathol. 2015;53:1556-61.
  136. Maggi RG, Balakrishnan N, Bradley JM, Breitschwerdt Infection withBartonellahenselaein a Danish family. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53:1556-61.
  137. Friedenberg S, Balakrishnan N, Guillaumin J, Cooper ES, Lewis K, Russell DS, Breitschwerdt EB. Fever, polyarthritis, splenic vasculitis, thrombosis and infarction in a dog infected withBartonella henselae. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2015;25:789-94.
  138. Breitschwerdt EB. DidBartonella henselaecontribute to the deaths of two veterinarians? Parasit Vectors 2015;8:e317.
  139. Breitschwerdt EB. Broadhurst JJ, Cherry NA.Bartonella henselaeas a cause of acute-onset fever in cats. Journal of Fel Med Surgery Open Reports 2015;1:1-9.
Human Bartonella Research Publications Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory

Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine.

  1. Breitschwerdt EB, RG Maggi, B Sigmon, WL Nicholson: Isolation ofBartonella quintanafrom a woman and a cat following putative bite transmission. J Clin Microbiol 45:270-272; 2007.
  2. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Duncan AW, Nicholson WL, Hegarty BC, Woods CW.Bartonellaspecies in blood of immunocompetent persons with animal and arthropod contact. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 938-941, 2007.
  3. Cadenas MB, MG Maggi, PPVP, KT Breitschwerdt, S, Sontakke, EB Breitschwerdt. Identification of bacteria from clinical samples usingBartonella-alpha proteobacteria growth medium. J Microbiol Methods 71:147-155; 2007.
  4. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Nicholson WL, Cherry NA, Woods CW.Bartonellabacteremia in patients with neurological and neuro-cognitive dysfunction. J Clin Microbiol. 2008:2856-2861.
  5. Maggi RG, Kosoy M, Mintzer M, Breitschwerdt EB. Isolation of CandidatusBartonella melophagifrom Human Blood. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:66-68.
  6. Bouchouicha R, Durand B, Monteil M, Chomel BB, Berrich M, Arvand M, Birtles RJ, Breitschwerdt EB, Koehler JE, Maggi R, Maruyama S, Kasten R, Petit E, Boulouis HJ, Haddad N.Molecular epidemiology of feline and humanBartonella henselaeEmerg Infect Dis 2009; 15:813-816.
  7. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Varanat M, Linder KE, Weinberg G.Isolation ofBartonella vinsoniisubspberkhoffiigenotype II from a boy with epitheloid hemangioendothelioma and a dog with hemangiopericytoma.J Clin Microbiol. 2009; 47:1957-60.
  8. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Cadenas MB, Diniz PPVP. A ground hog, a novelBartonellasequence and my father’s death. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15: 2080-2086.
  9. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Lantos PM, Woods CW, Hegarty BC, Bradley JM.Bartonella vinsoniiberkhoffiiandBartonella henselaein a father and daughter with neurological disease. Parasites and Vectors 2010; 3: 29.
  10. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Farmer P, Mascarelli PE. Molecular evidence of perinatal transmission ofBartonella vinsoniiberkhoffiiandB. henselaeto a child. J Clin Microbiol. 2010; 48: 2289-2293.
  11. Oliveira AM, RG Maggi, CW Woods, EB Breitschwerdt EB: Putative needle stick transmission ofBartonella vinsoniiberkhoffiito a veterinarian. J Vet Intern Med. 2010;24:1229-1232.
  12. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Mozayeni BR, Bradley JM, Hegarty BC, Mascarelli Isolation or PCR amplification ofBartonella koehleraefrom human blood. Parasites and Vectors 2010; 3:76.
  13. Sykes JE, Lindsay LL, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB. Human coinfection with Bartonellahenselaeand two hemotropic mycoplasma variants resemblingMycoplasma ovis. J Clin Microbiol. 2010; 48: 3782-5.
  14. Mascarelli PE, JR Iredell, RG Maggi, G Weinberg, EB Breitschwerdt: Bartonella species bacteremia in two patients with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:4006-4012.
  15. Breitschwerdt EB, PE Mascarelli, LA Schweickert, RG Maggi, BC Hegarty, JM Bradley, CW Woods: Hallucinations, sensory neuropathy, and peripheral visual deficits in a young woman infected with Bartonellakoehlerae. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49: 3415-3417.
  16. Cherry NA, Maggi RG, Rossmeisl JH, Hegarty BC, Breitschwerdt EB. Ecological Diversity ofBartonellaSpecies Infection among Dogs and Their Owner in Virginia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 11: 1425-32.
  17. Maggi RG, Mascarelli PE, Pultorak EL, Hegarty BC, Bradley JM, Mozayeni BR, BreitschwerdtBartonellaspp. bacteremia in high-risk immunocompetent patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011; 71: 43—37.
  18. VanderHeyden TR, Yong SL, Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Parada JP and Mihalik AR, Fimmel CJ. Granulomatous hepatitis due toBartonella henselaeinfection in an immunocompetent patient. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2012; 12: 17.
  19. Maggi RG, Mozayeni BR, Pultorak EL, Hegarty BC, Bradley JM, Correa M, Breitschwerdt EB.Bartonellabacteremia and rheumatic symptoms in patients from Lyme Disease-endemic region. Emerg Infect Dis 2012;18:783-791.
  20. Breitschwerdt EB, Sontakke S, Hopkins S. Neurological manifestations of bartonellosis in immunocompetent patients: A composite of reports from 2005-2012. J Neuroparasitology 2012; 3:1-15.
  21. Balakrishnan N, Jawanda JS, Miller MB, BreitschwerdtBartonella henselaeinfection in a man with hypergammaglobulinaemia, splenomegaly and polyclonal plasmacytosis. J Med Microbiol. 62:338-41, 2013.
  22. Mascarelli PE, Maggi RG, Hopkins S, Mozayeni BR, Trull CL, Bradley JM, Hegarty BC, Breitschwerdt EB.Bartonella henselaeinfection in a family experiencing neurological and neurocognitive abnormalities after woodlouse hunter spider bites.Parasites and Vectors6:98, 2013.
  23. Maggi RG, Ericson M, Mascarelli PE, Bradley JM, Breitschwerdt EB.Bartonella henselaebacteremia in a mother and son exposed to ticks in the Netherlands.Parasites and Vectors6:101, 2013.
  24. Maggi RG, Mascarelli PE, Havenga LN, NAidoo V, Breitschwerdt EB. Co-infection withAnaplasma platys, Bartonella henselaeandCandidatusMycoplasma hematoparvum in a veterinarian.Parasites and Vectors6:106, 2013.
  25. Pultorak EL, Maggi RG, Mascarelli PE, Breitschwerdt EB. Serial testing from a three-day collection period using the BAPGM platform may enhance the sensitivity ofBartonelladetection in bacteremic human patients.J Clin Microbiol57: 1673-77, 2013. PMID: 23486720.
  26. Maggi RG, Compton SM, Trull CL, Mascarelli PE, Mozayeni BR, Breitschwerdt EB. Infection with hemotropicMycoplasmain people with and without extensive arthropod and animal contact. J Clin Microbiol 51:3237-41, 2013.
  27. Pérez Vera C, Maggi RG, Woods CW, Mascarelli PE, Breitschwerdt EB. Spontaneous onset of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I in a woman infected withBartonella koehlerae.Med Microbiol Immunol 2014;203:101-107.
  28. Bradley JM, Mascarelli PE, Trull CL, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB. 2014.Bartonella henselaeinfections in an owner and two Papillion Dogs exposed to Tropical Rat Mites (Ornithonyssus bacoti). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 14:703-709.
  29. Lantos PM, Maggi RG, Ferguson B, VarkeyJ, Park LP, Breitschwerdt EB, Woods CW. 2014. Detection ofBartonellaspecies in the blood of veterinarians and veterinary technicians: A newly recognized occupational hazard. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2014;14: 563-570.
  30. Rossi MA, Balakrishnan N, Linder KE, Messa JB, Breitschwerdt EB. ConcurrentBartonella henselaeinfection in a dog with panniculitis and owner with ulcerated nodular skin lesions. Vet Dermatol 2015;26:e22.
  31. Vieira-Damiani G, Diniz PP, Pitassi L, Sowy S, Scorpio D, Lania B, Drummond M, Soares T, Barjas-Castro ML, Breitschwerdt EB, Nicholson W, and Paulo Eduardo Velho PE.Bartonella clarridgeiaebacteremia detected in an asymptomatic blood donor. J Clin Microbiol 2015;53:352-356.
  32. Pitassi LH, de Paiva Diniz PP, Scorpio DG, Drummond MR, Lania BG, Barjas-Castro ML, Gilioli R, Colombo S, Sowy S, Breitschwerdt EB, Nicholson WL, Velho PE.Bartonellabacteremia in blood donors from Campinas, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9: e0003467.
  33. Maggi RG, Balakrishnan N, Bradley JM, Breitschwerdt EB. Infection withBartonella henselaein a Danish family. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53:1556-61.
  34. Breitschwerdt EB. DidBartonella henselaecontribute to the deaths of two veterinarians? Parasit Vectors 2015;8:e317
Review Articles / Symposia
  1. Breitschwerdt EB:Bartonellaceae (Rochalimaea): Implications for companion animal practice. Proceedings, 12th ACVIM Forum, 119-122, 1994.
  2. Breitschwerdt, EB, DL Kordick: Bartonellosis (Zoonosis Update) J Am Vet Med Assoc 206: 1928–1931, 1995.
  3. Baneth G, Kordick DL, EB Breitschwerdt: Cat scratch disease andBartonella henselaeassociate syndromes. Proceedings, XXI Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association 4-6, 1996.
  4. Breitschwerdt EB. Bartonellosis: Of cats, dogs, mice and men. 15th ACVIM Forum, 505-509, 1997.
  5. Breitschwerdt EB, DL Kordick:Bartonellainfection in animals: carriership, reservoir potential, pathogenicity, and zoonotic potential for human infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 13:428–438, 2000.
  6. Chomel BB, RW Kasten, JE Sykes, H-J Boulouis, EB Breitschwerdt: Clinical impact of persistent Bartonella bacteremia in humans and animals. Annals New York Academy of Sciences 990:1-12; 2003.
  7. Breitschwerdt EB:Bartonellaspecies as emerging vector-transmitted pathogens. North American Veterinary Conference, Bayer Zoonosis Symposium. Compend Contin Educ Pract 25:12-15; 2003.
  8. Breitschwerdt EB: Canine bartonellosis: An emerging infectious disease. Proceedings or the 2003 North American Veterinary Conference 13-20, January 2003.
  9. Breitschwerdt EB: Canine bartonellosis: An emerging infectious disease. Proceedings of the 75thAnnual Western Veterinary Conference, Mandalay Bay Convention Center, LasVegas, Nevada, February 19, 2003.
  10. Chomel BB, HJ Boulouis HJ, S Maruyama, EB Breitschwerdt:BartonellaIn pets and effect on human health. Emerg Infect Dis 12:389-398; 2006.
  11. Breitschwerdt EB: Feline bartonellosis and cat scratch disease. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 123: 161-171, 2008.
  12. Chomel BB, Boulouis HJ, Breitschwerdt EB, Kasten RW, Vayssier-Taussat M, Birtles RJ, Koehler JE, Dehio C.Ecological fitness and strategies of adaptation ofBartonellaspecies to their hosts and vectors.Vet Res 2009;40:29-.
  13. Chomel BB, RW Kasten, C Williams, AC Wey, JB Henn, R Maggi, S Carrasco, J Maxet, HJ Boulouis, R Maillard, EB Breitschwerdt. Bartonella Endocarditis: A pathology shared by animal reservoir hosts and patients. Ann NY Acad Sci 1166:120-126; 2009.
  14. Breitschwerdt EB, RG Maggi. Comparative medical features of canine and human bartonellosis. Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 15(Suppl 2):106-107; 2009.
  15. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Chomel BB, Lappin MR. Bartonellosis: An emerging infectious disease of zoonotic importance to animals and to human beings. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 20:8-30; 2010.
  16. Angelakis E, Billeter SA, Breitschwerdt EB, Chomel BB, and Raoult D. Are there tick-borne bartonelloses? Emerging Infect Dis 16:385-391, 2010.
  17. McElroy KM, Blagburn BL, Breitschwerdt EB, Mead PS, McQuiston JH. Flea-associated zoonotic disease of cats in the USA: bartonellosis, flea-borne rickettsioses, and plague. Trends Parasitol. Special Issue. 26:153-218, 2010.
  18. Day MJ, Breitschwerdt EB, Cleaveland S, Karkare U, Khanna C, Kirpensteijn J, Kuiken T, Lappin MR, McQuiston J, Mumford E, Myers T, Palatnik-de-Sousa CB, Rubin C, Takashima G, Thiermann A. Surveillance of Zoonotic Infectious Disease Transmitted by Small Companion Animals. Emerg Infect Dis 2012 Dec [date cited].http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1812.120664
  19. Breitschwerdt EB, Sontakke S, Hopkins S. Neurological manifestations of bartonellosis in immunocompetent patients: A composite of reports from 2005-2012. J Neuroparasitology 3: 1-15, 2012.
  20. Breitschwerdt EB, Linder KL, Day MJ, Maggi RG, Chomel BB, Kempf VAJ. Koch’s Postulates and the Pathogenesis of Comparative Infectious Disease Causation Associated withBartonellaJ Comp Pathol 2013;1: 1-11.
  21. Breitschwerdt Bartonellosis: one health perspectives for an emerging infectious disease. ILAR J. 2014;55:46-58.
  • Breitschwerdt EB:Bartonella henselae: Consequences of infection in the cat. In August JR (ed). Consultations in Feline Internal Medicine. WB Saunders, 1996.
  • Breitschwerdt EB, CE Greene: Bartonellosis. In Bonagura JD (ed). Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy XIII. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1998.
  • Kordick DL, EB Breitschwerdt: Infections and carriership ofBartonellaandAfipiaspecies in veterinary medicine. In Schmidt A (ed.),BartonellaandAfipiaspecies with special regard toBartonella henselae. Chapter 3, Contributions to Microbiology, Vol. 1, Karger, Basel, Switzerland, 1998.
  • Pappalardo BL, Breitschwerdt EB:Bartonella vinsoniiinfection in dogs. In Bonagura J (ed), Kirk’s Veterinary Therapy XIII. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2000.
  • Kordick DL, Breitschwerdt EB:Bartonellainfections in domestic cats. In Bonagura J (ed), Kirk’s Veterinary Therapy XIII. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 2000.
  • Chomel B, EB Breitschwerdt: Bartonella infections in dogs. In Beugnet F (ed), Guide to Major Vector-borne Diseases of Pets. France, Merial, 2002.
  • Breitschwerdt EB: Canine Bartonellosis: An Emerging Infectious Disease. Tick Borne Diseases. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference. Wilmington, Delaware: The Gloyd Group Inc., 2003; 13-20.
  • Breitschwerdt EB: Canine Bartonellosis. Chapter 167. In Ettinger SJ and Feldman E (ed), Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 6thedition, 2004.
  • Breitschwerdt EB, Chomel BB. Canine Bartonellosis. In Greene CE. Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. 4thedition. Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA
  • Maggi RG, Kempf VA, Chomel BB, Breitschwerdt EB.Bartonella.2011, 10thEdition,Manual of Clinical Microbiology, ASM Press. Washington DC.
  • Maggi RG, CA Harms, EB Breitschwerdt: Bartonellosis: An emerging disease of humans, domestic animals and wildlife. Wildlife Foundation Trust, 2012.
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Name: Madonna Wisozk

Birthday: 2001-02-23

Address: 656 Gerhold Summit, Sidneyberg, FL 78179-2512

Phone: +6742282696652

Job: Customer Banking Liaison

Hobby: Flower arranging, Yo-yoing, Tai chi, Rowing, Macrame, Urban exploration, Knife making

Introduction: My name is Madonna Wisozk, I am a attractive, healthy, thoughtful, faithful, open, vivacious, zany person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.